Umbilical hernia
Mention of hernia can be found in the writings of Hippocrates, Ibn Sina and other ancient authors. Treatment of external abdominal hernias in the Middle Ages was limited to wearing braces, but surgery for hernia incarceration did at the beginning of our era, and the surgical treatment of hernias until the 19 th century resulted in massive mortality and only after the introduction of antiseptic procedures, they gradually become safer.
Structure and types of umbilical hernias
Umbilical hernia – a protrusion of abdominal organs under the skin of the navel. In an umbilical hernia, as in any other, there is a hernial ring (the hole through which internal organs out of the abdominal cavity) – the umbilical ring, the hernial sac – part of the membrane covering the inside the abdominal cavity (peritoneum), which concluded fallen bodies and hernial content (any organ of the abdominal cavity).
Umbilical hernias are common in women, their formation depends on the anatomy of the umbilicus, as well as from pregnancy and childbirth, which weakens the abdominal wall and umbilical ring. Umbilical hernia in children and adults have their own characteristics.
How is an umbilical hernia
Umbilical hernias usually occur in women after pregnancy and childbirth. The contents of the hernial sac during umbilical hernia most often the small intestine, colon, omentum, stomach, but there may be other bodies. Large hernias are often separated by walls and consists of individual chambers.
The most characteristic sign of hernia is the appearance of swelling, which appears in the straining, or in the vertical position of the patient. In the supine position swelling disappears. Sometimes a hernia patient reduce a self, and if it is not right, it is called a hernia nevpravimoy as hernial sac had already managed to grow together with the surrounding tissues.
Small umbilical hernia usually does not deliver patient anxiety if the hernial ring wide enough and freely reduce a hernia. Happen and pain in the hernial protrusion
If the hernia is large and hernial narrow it difficult to advance the contents of the intestines, so patients are constipated, they often have nausea and even vomiting. Small umbilical hernia does not affect the ability to work, as do large physical labor impossible.
In children, umbilical hernias are common, especially among girls, there they are usually in the first months of life and are a consequence of a defect of abdominal wall.
Umbilical hernia may be complicated infringement and intestinal obstruction.
Impairment of umbilical hernia
Hernia strangulation due to the sudden compression of the contents of the hernial ring after the heavy lifting, heavy straining and so on. Infringed may hernias of any size, most often it occurs in the elderly and overweight. When hernia strangulation abrupt circulatory problems in disadvantaged body that can lead to necrosis. More often than other officials infringed the small intestine, and infringement of intestinal loops, there are signs of acute intestinal obstruction.
A sharp compression of rapidly causes necrosis of tissues, but if it does not happen very abruptly, the disadvantaged hernial ring squeezed only venous vessels, ie, the conditions for venous stasis, after which after a while gradually compressed and arteries – necrosis of tissues more slowly.
A sign of prejudice is a sudden pain in the hernial protrusion, the inability to reduce a hernia prior to the right, nausea and vomiting. In the later periods around the navel appear red or bluish color of skin.
Treated as umbilical hernia
If the umbilical hernia shows an operation that should be done routinely. During the operation the hernial ring expands, the contents of the hernial sac is immersed into the abdominal cavity, and thereafter closing the hernial ring and the strengthening of the abdominal wall.
Conservative treatment of umbilical hernia is performed only when the categorical refusal of the patient’s surgery and with contraindications for it, this acute infectious diseases, skin and other intractable diseases. Conservative treatment is to limit physical exertion, wearing a tie and reducing excess weight.
Treatment of strangulated hernia only operative. The operation is carried out just as planned, with necrosis of the bowel resection done it.
Unlike adult umbilical hernia in children treated conservatively. Abdominal wall is strengthened with the help of exercises and massage. A few years later the umbilical hole decreases, and then closes.
Umbilical hernia requires immediate treatment to the doctor, because the sooner the operation is carried out, the easier and painless, it will leak.
